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cnXiv:2024080101 [PDF in Chinese / 中文]

Polignac's conjecture: Derivation of a Mathematical Formula cnXiv    by Jian Hu

波利尼亚克猜想：数学表达式的一个推导 cnxiv  作者：胡坚  

Abstract: With using the segmented Eratosthenes' sieve approach, a definite mathematical formula describing Polignac's conjecture, p_(k+1)=p_k+2h, is deduced from a newly uncovered unusual distribution of prime numbers in the p_k~l_k plot (l_k is the segment length and p_k the prime number), where the parameter h is a positive integer unique to prime numbers. Validity of the said formula is proved by mathematical induction.

Keywords: number theory, Polignac's conjecture, formula, sieve of Eratosthenes.

王忆锋 Yifeng Wang (Email: wangyifeng63@qq.com)

题目(Subject)：薛定谔波动方程的归纳推导及其缺陷

摘要：从推导麦克斯韦方程组开始，首先导出以二阶偏微分形式表达的波动方程，再通过引入一个以虚指数函数形式表达的原函数构造一个实例，将二阶偏微分函数分解为一阶偏微分和原函数组合的形式，从而归纳导出薛定谔波动方程。分析了薛定谔波动方程存在的缺陷。

关键词：麦克斯韦方程组，波动方程，薛定谔波动方程，量子力学

Inductive Derivation of Schrödinger’s Wave Equation and its defects

Abstract: Starting from the construction of Maxwell's equations, the wave equation expressed in the form of second-order partial differential is derived, and then an example is constructed by introducing an original function expressed in the form of virtual exponential function. The second-order partial differential function is decomposed into the form of the combination of first-order partial differential and original function, so as to induce the Schrödinger’s wave equation. The defects of Schrödinger’s wave equation are analyzed.

Keywords: Maxwell's Equations, Wave Equation , Schrödinger’s Wave Equation, Quantum Mechanics

王忆锋 Yifeng Wang

题目(Subject)：量纲关系“能量=质量x速度x速度”是物理学理论体系的“根”cnxiv/

摘要：在质量与其他物理量无关的前提下，可以证明量纲关系“能量=质量x速度x速度”，导出公式E=Mc2，其物理意义是一个质量为M的质量体以光速c运动时所具有的能量。公式E=Mc2具有普遍适用性，其特例是只有一个质量体的情况，此时该质量体以光速保持匀速直线运动，该质量体的质量是宇宙总质量，这是一个最基本的物理现象，该现象用数学语言描述就是：宇宙总能量和宇宙总质量比值的平方根等于光速，这一论断是作者提出的光速原理。以量纲关系“能量=质量x速度x速度”为基础可以导出动量，动量对时间求导得到牛顿第二运动定律。从牛顿第二运动定律可以导出牛顿第一运动定律。从牛顿第二运动定律或者牛顿第一运动定律可以导出光速原理。基于光速原理和牛顿第二运动定律，可以证明“物质是运动的”。在认可质量守恒和光速是一切物理速度的最大值的前提下，可以得到宇宙总能量守恒和宇宙总动量守恒，这一结果满足诺特定理的要求。基于牛顿第二定律定义的力的量纲，可以提出基本引力禀性常数的概念，导出一般形式的引力规律，其特例是万有引力定律。在万有引力定律的基础上，可以导出库仑定律，并进而建立麦克斯韦方程组。基于库仑定律可以导出普朗克常数。在动量和普朗克常数的基础上，可以导出不确定性原理。在引力分析的基础上，可以修正牛顿第三运动定律。指出了现有物理理论体系中的矛盾和问题，并做了相应的补充和完善。

关键词：质量体，运动定律，光速原理，引力规律，万有引力定律，基本引力禀性常数，库仑定律，普朗克常数，不确定性原理，麦克斯韦方程组

Dimensional Relation “Energy≡Mass×Speed×Speed” is the “Root” of Physical Theory System cnxiv/

Abstract: On the premise that the mass is independent of other physical quantities, the dimensional relation   “energy≡mass×speed×speed” can be proved, and the formula E=Mc² can be derived that its physical meaning is the energy of a mass body with mass M moving at light speed c. The formula E=Mc² is generally applicable, and its special case is the case of only one mass body in which the mass body maintains a uniform straight line motion at light speed, its mass is the total universal mass, which is the most fundamental physical phenomenon. This phenomenon is described in mathematical language: the square root of the ratio of the total universal energy to the total universal mass equals light speed, this conclusion is the principle of light speed proposed by the author. Based on the dimensional relation “energy≡mass×speed×speed”, momentum can be derived, and Newton’s second law of motion can be obtained by deriving momentum from time. Newton’s first law of motion can be derived from Newton’s second law of motion. The principle of light speed can be derived from Newton’s second law of motion or Newton’s first law of motion. Based on the principle of light speed and Newton’s second law of motion, it can be proved that “matter is in motion”. On the premise that the conservation of mass and the light speed is the maximum of all physical speeds, the conservation of total universal energy and total universal momentum can be obtained, which meets the requirements of Noether’s theorem. Based on the dimension of force defined by Newton’s second law, the fundamental gravitational intrinsic constant can be proposed. The general form of gravitational law is derived, and its special case is the law of universal gravitation. Based on the law of universal gravitation, Coulomb's law can be derived, and then Maxwell's equations can be established. Planck’s constant can be derived based on Coulomb's law. On the basis of momentum and Planck’s constant, the uncertainty principle can be derived. On the basis of gravitational analysis, Newton’s third law of motion can be modified. The contradictions and problems in the existing physical theory system are pointed out, and the corresponding supplements and improvements are made.

Keywords: Mass Body, Laws of Motion, Principle of Light Speed, Law of Gravity, Law of Universal Gravitation, Fundamental Gravitational Intrinsic Constant, Coulomb's Law, Planck’s Constant, Uncertainty Principle, Maxwell’s Equations

Xia Chengcnxiv

A ratio and formula for transmission dynamics of COVID-19

Abstract: A basic reproductive number Ro is an important in dynamics of a newly emerged and rapidly growing infectious disease outbreak, such as COVID-19. However, the current researches indicated that Ro for COVID-19 is quite affected by many other factors or parameters. To find the alternative index for the reality of spread of the COVID-19, a study based on the population of 2,067.14 millions from seven countries, USA, UK, Brazil, India, South Africa, Canada and Sweden, was conducted and the weekly new case ratio as index for mathematical method or anticipatable formula for application was introduced. In addition, it could be used for evaluating Ro value and setting a methodological formula or index for other contagious disease in the future.  

cnXiv2018031600  『PDF』 

Xia Chengcnxiv

题目(Subject)：Aspect实验的反相对论意义分析cnxiv

摘要：Aspect:cnxiv阿斯派克特cnxiv实验(准确地说，一系列实验)是20世纪物理史上影响最为深远的实验之一，通过分析相对论的基本理论原则和Aspect实验的检验结果，表明相对论的基本理论原则－－决定论，定域性和实在性－－不能在量子理论中同时成立。虽然还不能证伪相对论，但意味着相对论理论根基的动摇。而相对论量子力学却面临着是被实验证明是错误的很大可能性！

06.2018/121.cnxiv  [IMG]   [网页格式] 

Xia Chengcnxiv

题目(Subject)：洛伦兹因子和洛伦兹变换的起源及其物理学意义的分析cnxiv

摘要：通过考证洛伦兹因子（Lorentz factor）的起源和其形成过程，揭示了洛伦兹因子和洛伦兹变换（Lorentz transformation）与狭义相对论(Special Relativity)变换方程在物理理论上有本质的区别，首次提出以命名“爱因斯坦变换”或“狭义相对论变换”或“时空变换”的方式来区别这种物理理论的不同内涵。

cnXiv: 201804030101『ＰＤＦ』 

黄 军cnxiv张海玲cnxiv

题目(Subject)：出版的各种中文学术会议论文集的标准文章格式cnxiv

摘要：本电子文档定义了由Scientific Research Publishing（SRP）出版的各种中文学术会议论文集的标准文章格式。文档中定义了标题、作者、单位、摘要、章节标题、正文、图、表、参考文献等元素，并且本文档中各种元素所采用的格式即符合SRP的标准格式cnxiv

Abstract: This electronic document defines the standard format of the Chinese academic conference proceedings published by the Scientific Research Publishing (SRP). The elements such as the paper title, author, affiliation, abstract, section title, main text, figure, table and references are defined, and this document is formatted according to the SRP standard, which illustrates all the formatscnxiv

关键词: 模板cnxiv格式cnxivSRPcnxiv学术会议cnxiv论文集cnxiv

Keywords: templatecnxiv formatcnxiv SRPcnxiv academic conferencecnxiv proceedingscnxiv

cnXiv2021020620 [DOC]  

王忆锋

题目(Subject)：论物理分析中的反例cnxiv/

On Counter Examples in Physical Analysis

摘要：反例通常是指用来说明某个论断不成立的例子。恰当的反例可以呈现原有理论的局限和不足。要推翻和否定一个论断，只须指出在符合题设的某个特殊情形下，结论不成立，也就是只要举出一个反例即可。物理性质具有普适性，普适性意味着没有反例，有反例则意味着普适性不成立。基于反例的概念和思想，提出了四个反例，内容涉及狭义相对论、麦克斯韦电磁理论、普朗克常数、量子力学等领域，它们分别是质量随着速度的增加而减小、光速同时满足波动方程和非波动方程、普朗克常数不是最小的物理常数/基本引力常数是最小的物理常数、不确定性原理与物质波概念的矛盾等。

关键词: 狭义相对论；麦克斯韦方程组；普朗克常数；基本引力禀性常数；不确定性原理；物质波; 反例

Abstract: Counter examples are usually used to illustrate that an argument does not hold. Appropriate counter examples can show the limitations and shortcomings of the original theory. In order to overturn and negate an argument, we only need to point out that the conclusion is not tenable in a special case which is consistent with the proposition, that is, we only need to give a counter example. Physical properties have universality, which means that there are no counter examples, while counter examples mean that universality is not tenable. Based on the concept and thought of counter example, four counter examples are put forward, which involve the fields of relativity, Maxwell’s electromagnetic theory, Planck’s constant, quantum mechanics. They are mass decreases with the increase of speed, light speed satisfies wave equation and non wave equation at the same time, Planck’s constant is not the smallest physical constant/the basic gravitational intrinsic constant is the smallest physical constant, and the contradiction between uncertainty principle and the concept of matter wave .

Key words: Special Relativity; Maxwell’s Equations; Planck’s Constant; Fundamental Gravitational Intrinsic Constant, Uncertain Principle; Matter Wave; Counter Example

cnXiv2021020910 [DOC] 

王忆锋cnxiv

题目(Subject)：基于光速原理描述核反应机制cnxiv/

Description of Nuclear Reaction Mechanism based on the Principle of Light Speed

摘要：介绍了量纲关系“能量≡质量×速度×速度”的分析过程。辐射性是质量体的基本属性之一，辐射的本质是质量体发生质量分裂产生微小的以光速运动的质量体。以光速运动的质量体称为光子。根据光子来源的不同，辐射可以分为本征(光子)辐射和非本征(光子)辐射两类。本征辐射是质量体自然的、自发的辐射，只要质量体存在、本征辐射就存在。黑体辐射属于本征辐射。除了黑体辐射以外的其他辐射都属于非本征辐射，它们的特点是通过某种机制的作用产生或者增加光子，如果该机制不工作、就没有与该机制相应的光子产生或者增加。核反应属于非本征辐射。讨论了质量体能量的最大值，介绍了获得质量体最大能量的途径。讨论了引入时间尺度的辐射性。解释了核反应机制的基本道理。

关键词: 光子；光速原理；本征辐射；非本征辐射；核反应；激光

Abstract: The analysis process of the dimensional relationship “energy≡ mass×speed×speed” is presented. Radiation is one of the basic properties of a mass body. The essence of radiation is that the mass body splits to produce tiny mass bodies moving at light speed. A mass moving at light speed is called a photon. According to the different sources of photons, radiation can be divided into intrinsic (photon) radiation and extrinsic (photon) radiation. The intrinsic radiation is the natural and spontaneous radiation of the mass body. As long as the mass body exists, the intrinsic radiation will exist. Blackbody radiation belongs to intrinsic radiation. All radiation except blackbody radiation belongs to extrinsic radiation. Their characteristic is to produce or increase photons by some mechanism. If the mechanism does not work, there will be no corresponding photons produced or increased. Nuclear reaction belongs to extrinsic radiation. The maximum mass energy is discussed and the way to obtain the maximum mass energy is introduced. The radiation of introducing time scale is discussed. The basic principle of nuclear reaction mechanism is explained.

Key words: Photon; Principle of Light Speed; Intrinsic Radiation; Extrinsic Radiation; Nueclear Reaction; Laser