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保护版权
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版权保护
版权声明
Copyrights ©
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关于版权的声明
本刊提倡对文章以参考文献等方式(注明文章的来源和作者署名)的引用。
除有授权的情况下，版权保护声明如下：
一)
知识产权声明
本站所登载发布的一切内容，包括但不限于文字、图片、音像、图表、标志、标识、广告、商标、域名、软件、程序、版面设计、专栏目录与名称、内容分类标准以及为使用者提供的任何信息，均受《中华人民共和国著作权法》、《中华人民共和国商标法》、《中华人民共和国专利法》等法律法规以及有关国际条约的保护，相应权利由
www.cnXiv.org 享有。
未经 www.cnXiv.org
相关权利人(包括作者)书面授权，任何人不得将本站所登载、发布的内容及相关服务用于商业性目的，亦不得改动、转载、链接、复制、发行、传播等本站的部分或全部内容或服务，或将之在非本站所属的服务器上作镜像。否则，
www.cnXiv.org 将依法追究侵权者的法律责任。
二) 信息发布的知识产权声明
1) 全文信息发布的知识产权
按照发布信息的知识产权状况，可以将全文信息分为：不受著作权法保护的全文信息，从网站、期刊上转载的全文信息和受著作权法保护的其他作品。根据现行的著作权法，无版权的作品包括以下两类：① 超过版权保护期限，进人公共领域的作品。② 著作权法规定不予以保护的作品。对于法定转载，法律规定：已在报刊上刊登或者网络上传播的作品，除著作权人声明或者上载该作品的网络服务提供者受著作权人的委托声明不得转载、摘编的以外，网站予以转载、摘编并按有关规定支付报酬、注明出处的，不构成侵权 。但网站转载、摘编作品超过有关报刊转载作品范围的，应当认定为侵权。由此可见，未发表的作品，不构成著作权法保护客体的文字图片，抄袭剽窃、违法使用的作品，录音、录像制品以及计算机软件，都不在法定转载、摘编的范围内。
对于受著作权法保护的其他作品，其中：① 个人作品、法人作品、职务作品、委托作品，网站需要对作品的性质进行鉴别，然后获得权利人的许可，并支付使用费。② 演绎作品、汇编作品，网站既需要获得原著作权人的许可并支付报酬，同时又需要获得演绎者和汇编者的许可并支付报酬。③ 合作作品，网站对于可以分割使用的合作作品，如果只使用其中的一个部分，则只需获取这部分作品作者的许可即可，但同时应注意该作品的整体著作权。对于不可分割的合作作品，网站应得到所有作者的授权许可。但如果其中某一作者没有正当理由拒绝授权许可，而其他作者都同意授权，网站仍然可以获得授权，并应该按照规定付给报酬。④ 外国作品，除了可以与该外国作者直接联系或通过该作品所在的版权集体管理机构联系获得授权外，还可以通过中国版权代理中心代理或者通过外国驻华使馆协助联系。⑤ 要区分时事新闻和新闻作品的区别，对于新闻作品应该给予著作权保护。⑥ 标准的上载，对于强制性标准，网站可以免费使用；对于推荐性标准，一定要取得许可并授权。
2) 二次文献发布的知识产权
二次文献是网站资源的重要组成部分。二次文献如果具有一定的规模并且其选择和安排具有独创性，则享有著作权的保护。目前，很多软件提供了自动建立二次文献的功能，但著作权法没有对机编二次文献是否具有知识产权做出明确的规定。使用这种软件，针对相同的客体，每个人生成的结果都是一样的，体现不出作者的独创性。即使在生成过程中，制作人员对生成的参数做出选择，但这种智力劳动尚达不到著作权法要求的独创性，因此不具有著作权。二次文献库如果具有一定的规模并且其选择和安排具有独创性，也享有著作权的保护。
三) 技术措施和权利管理信息的知识产权
1) 技术措施的知识产权
技术保护措施，是指任何能有效控制受版权保护作品并能有效保护版权人权利的措施。1996年制定的《世界知识产权组织版权公约》(WCT)，成功包含了技术措施的规定。此后，《世界知识产权组织表演和录音制品条约》(WPPT)、欧盟2001年5月22日通过的《关于协调信息社会版权与相关权特定方面的指令》、1998年底美国通过的《数字千年版权法》(DMCA法案)等，都对技术措施作了相应规定。我国著作权法规定：“未经著作权人或者与著作权有关的权利人许可，故意避开或者破坏权利人为其作品、录音录像制品等采取的保护著作权或者与著作权有关的权利的技术措施的”，应承担侵权责任。
2) 权利管理信息的知识产权
按照《世界知识产权组织版权条约》(WCT)的规定，权利管理信息是指：“识别作品、作品的作者、对作品拥有任何权利的所有人的信息，或有关作品使用的条款和条件的信息，和代表此种信息的任何数字或代码，各该项信息均附于作品的每件复制品上或在作品向公众进行传播时出现。”权利管理信息在因特网上具有非常重要的地位，网上的版权授权都是以电子形式完成的，它具有传统授权方式无法比拟的便捷、廉价的优点。为使网上交易能正常进行，网上标示的权利管理信息必须完整、真实，如果权利管理信息被任意篡改，用户会对电子授权失去信心，从而阻碍网络事业的发展。因此，保护电子形式的网上权利管理信息是十分必要的。
有关国际条约和各国法律都做出了保护权利管理信息的完整性的相关规定。对权利管理信息的完整性的保护主要体现在两个方面：一是对未经许可故意删除或修改权利管理信息的禁止；二是对未经许可删除或改变权利管理信息的作品和作品复制件的行为的禁止。
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作者在自己撰写的论文中署名有以下三个方面的意义：
一)署名作为拥有著作权的声明。1990年9月7日第7届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第15次会议通过、1991年6月1日起施行的《中华人民共和国著作权法》中规定：“著作权属于作者”；著作权包括“署名权，即表明作者身分，在作品上署名的权利”。可见，在发表的论文中署名，是国家赋予作者的一种权利，当然受到国家法律的保护。其实，署名也是作者通过辛勤劳动所应得的一种荣誉，以此表明他们的劳动成果和作者自己得到了社会的承认和尊重。署名本身即向社会声明，作者对该作品拥有了著作权，任何个人和单位不能侵犯。
二)署名表示文责自负的承诺。所谓文责自负，就是论文一经发表，署名者即应对论文负法律责任，负政治上、科学上的责任。如果论文中存在剽窃、抄袭的内容，或者政治上、科学上或技术上存在错误，那么署名者就应完全负责，署名即表示作者愿意承担这些责任。
三)署名便于读者同作者联系。署名也是为了建立作者与读者的联系。读者阅读文章后，若需要同作者商榷，或者要询问、质疑或请教，以及求取帮助，可以直接与作者联系。署名即表示作者有同读者联系的意向，署名也为读者同作者联系提供了可能。
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国际互联网版权信息知识:
The Internet and Copyright:
"The Internet has been characterized as the largest threat to
copyright since its inception. The Internet is awash in information, a lot
of it with varying degrees of copyright protection. Copyrighted works on
the Net include new s stories, software, novels, screenplays, graphics,
pictures, Usenet messages and even email. In fact, the frightening reality
is that almost everything on the Net is protected by copyright law. That
can pose problems for the hapless surfer."
("The Copyright Web site"
http://www.benedict.com/)
What is protected on the WWW?
The unique underlying design of a Web page and its
contents, including:
- links
- original text
- graphics
- audio
- video
- html, vrml, other unique markup language sequences
- List of Web sites compiled by an individual or organization
- and all other unique elements that make up the original nature of
the material.
When creating a Web page, you CAN:
- Link to other Web sites. [However, some individuals and
organizations have specific requirements when you link to their Web
material. Check a site carefully to find such restrictions. It is wise
to ask permission. You need to cite source, as you are required to do
in a research paper, when quoting or paraphrasing material from other
sources. How much you quote is limited.]
- Use free graphics on your Web page. If the graphics are not
advertised as "free" they should not be copied without
permission.
When creating a Web page, you CANNOT:
- Put the contents of another person's or organizations web site on
your Web page
- Copy and paste information together from various Internet sources to
create "your own" document. [You CAN quote or paraphrase
limited amounts, if you give credit to the original source and the
location of the source. This same principle applies to print sources,
of course.]
- Incorporate other people's electronic material, such as e-mail, in
your own document, without permission.
- Forward someone's e-mail to another recipient without permission
- Change the context of or edit someone else's digital correspondence
in a way which changes the meaning
- Copy and paste others' lists of resources on your own web page
- Copy and paste logos, icons, and other graphics from other web sites
to your web page (unless it is clearly advertised as
"freeware." Shareware is not free). Some
organizations are happy to let you use their logos, with permission -
it is free advertising. But they want to know who is using it.
They might not approve of all sites who want to use their logo.
Many aspects of the issue of copyright and the Internet are still not
resolved. This information, however, should serve as a useful guide
to help you avoid violation of copyright rules and the pitfalls of
unknowingly plagiarizing someone else's material. When in doubt, please
consult the official copyright
rules and guidelines.
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How the Law Applies to the Internet
Internet technology is developing faster than the laws that govern it. New
laws that apply to the Internet have been established either by
legislation or the courts; copyright laws are among them. A common myth
about the Internet is that anything posted online can be copied or
downloaded. In truth, anything you see on the Internet has the same
potential of being protected by copyright as anything you see in the
library or bookstore. Under modern copyright law, the formalities of
registration and copyright notice are no longer required. As long as
material satisfies three elements, copyright protects the work
automatically. See What Copyright Protects.
What is Required to be Protected by Copyright.
What kinds of work are protected by copyright? Any work that is
expressed in a tangible medium, original, and has the least bit of
creativity is protected by copyright.
- Fixed in a Tangible Medium.
The work must be recorded somehow. If the work is a book, the content
must be written down. Even an audiotape of the author telling the
story fixes the work in a tangible medium. A book written entirely in
Braille is fixed in a tangible medium. A song must either be recorded
or scored so that someone else can hear or read the music. Photographs
are tangible mediums and meet this requirement automatically. In other
words, the idea behind the work must be able to be read, seen, heard,
or understood by others.
- Original.
It has to be original. You cannot claim copyright protection to work
that was created by someone else or copy someone else's work and claim
you are the author or artist.
- Creative.
The material must also be creative. How creative? The Supreme Court
says, "...the requisite level of creativity is extremely low;
even a slight amount will suffice." The vast majority of works
make the grade quite easily, as they possess some creative spark,
"no matter how crude, humble, or obvious" it might be."
Art can be expressed in an infinite number of ways. Copyright law is
designed so that any original work that has the slightest
creativity may be protected from unauthorized copying, performing,
displaying, or any of the other rights that only the artist may exercise.
The Copyright Act recognizes specifically these works:
- Literary works (such as poems, fiction and nonfiction books)
- Music including the lyrics
- Dramatic works including the soundtrack or music (includes plays and
operas)
- Pantomimes and choreography
- Pictorial, graphic and sculptural works
- Movies and audiovisual recordings
- Sound recordings
- Architecture
Many other works are also protected by copyright. A child's finger
painting. A doodle in a notebook by a student bored in class. A snowman. A
sand castle. A love letter. Graffiti. Even e-mail can be protected if it's
original and the least bit creative.
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